grammar focus,present progressive tense,stative vs dynamic verb,present progressive verb for future meaning,nominal future tense,verbal future tense

Present Progressive tense

 Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense atau present progressive tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (present) atau rencana di masa depan (future).

Karena dapat digunakan pada present atau future, tense ini sering diiringi adverb of time untuk memperjelasnya.

Rumus Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “be”, berupa is/am/are – karena present tense (waktu sekarang),  dan present participle (V1-ing). Umumnya tense ini hanya terjadi pada aksi berupa dynamic verb, tidak stative verb. Mengapa begitu? karena secara umum hanya dynamic verb yang memiliki bentuk continuous.

Rumus Present Continuous Tense     Contoh Present Continuous Tense

positif (+)

S + be (am/is/are) + present participle

            The ships are sailing

He is smiling

negatif (-)

S + be (am/is/are) + not + present participle

            The ships are not sailing

He is not smiling

interogatif (?)

be (am/is/are) + S + present participle?

            are the ships sailing

Is he smiling

Fungsi  dan Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi yang sedang  terjadi sekarang.          

Ex : She is brushing the bathroom floor.

(Dia sedang menyikat lantai kamar mandi.)

I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

(Saya sedang mengendarai mobil ke Bandung sekarang.)

He’s learning English in order to be a great guide.

(Dia sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris agar menjadi pemandu wisata yang hebat.)

Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan suatu rencana atau perpindahan ke suatu tempat/kondisi.             I’m spending my holiday on Kuta beach next month.

(Saya sedang menghabiskan liburan di pantai Kuta akhir bulan depan.)

You can’t call me this night. I’m going to my best friend’s wedding.

(Kamu tidak dapat menghubungi saya malam ini. Saya akan pergi ke pernikahan sahabat saya.)

The buses are arriving in an hour.

(Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.)

I’m moving to West Jakarta this month.

(Saya pindah ke Jakarta Barat bulan ini.)

 Present continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan kejengkelan atas aksi yang terjadi berulang kali.         Why is the wild dog always barking at me?

(Mengapa anjing liar itu selalu menggonggong pada saya?)

I’m getting sick of you always asking the same questions.

(Saya mulai muak dengan kamu yang selalu menanyakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sama.)

                                           Dynamic Verbs and Stative Verbs

Examples and Exercises

Firstly, what do the words "dynamic" and "stative" mean? 

They aren't very common words in everyday English, but they are grammar terms you will need to know to understand this subject.

Dynamic

"Dynamic" is an adjective which means something is moving or changing.

In English grammar a "dynamic verb" means that the verb describes an action rather than a state. Dynamic verbs are sometimes known as "action verbs."

"Joe is chasing the bus."

Examples of dynamic verbs:

    Eat,walk,learn,grow,sleep,talk,write,run,read,become,go

These words can all be used in the progressive form.

Example sentences with dynamic verbs:

    "I can't talk right now, I'm eating dinner."

    Present progressive used to describe an action happening now.

    "Sorry, I'm out of breath because I've been running."

    Present perfect progressive used to describe an action that started in the past, continued for some time and has results now.

    "I didn't steal the necklace! I was sleeping when someone broke into the shop!"

    Past progressive used to talk about an action that was happening at a particular time in the past.

Here is a list of some of the stative verbs. Some of these describe relationships between things or people (for example, own) and some describe emotions or states of mind.

Stative

"Stative" is an adjective which describes something as having a state, or existing (this is a very uncommon adjective).

In English grammar a "stative verb" means that the verb describes a state rather than an action.

Stative verbs are sometimes known as "state verbs."

"Kevin wants some ice-cream."

Examples of stative verbs:

    Love,hate,like,prefer,doubt,seem,know,own,understand

Here are some examples, showing that these words cannot be used in the progressive form.

Correct: "I like chocolate, but I prefer cake."

Incorrect: "I'm liking chocolate but I'm preferring cake."

Correct: "I don't understand you when you speak quickly."

Incorrect: "I'm not understanding you when you speak quickly."

There are also some verbs that can be either dynamic or stative, depending on their meaning and context in the sentence. I'm sure you know by now that there are many words in English that can have more than one meaning!

examples of verbs that can be either dynamic or stative:

    think, mind,have,smell, sound

Let's look at some examples of how these verbs are used differently.

Example sentences:

    "I think it is wrong to hit children."

    Here, think is a stative verb. It means "to have an opinion" and it cannot be used in the progressive form in this case.

    BUT

    "I'm thinking about buying a new car."

    Here, thinking is describing a process, or an action. This is something that is happening, rather than simply being. So here we can use the progressive form.

    "I don't mind if we watch a movie tonight."

    Here, mind means "be bothered by", which is a state of mind, not an action. Therefore, it is stative.

    BUT

    "I'm not being nosy. I'm minding my own business!"

    Here, minding means "looking after" and is therefore a process and a dynamic verb.

    "I have three brothers."

    Have here talks about the family relationship the speaker has with her brothers and is therefore stative.

    BUT

    "I'm having a bad day today. I'll call you when things are better."

    Having in this sentence means the speaker is going through the process of a bad day. It is therefore dynamic.