grammar focus nominal past tense,verbal past tense,regular vs irragular verb

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Nominal Past Tense dan Verbal past tense

Simple Past Tense formula,Functions and Sentence Examples

A. Understanding Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is a tense that serves to show the work that happened in the past without wanting to emphasize that the work has been (perfect) or being (continuous) done. This tense understanding is almost the same as Simple Present Tense, only the time is different. If a simple present happens now, a simple past occurs in the past. So if you already understand the simple present tense, then I am sure you will easily learn this tense. In addition, this tense is also often used in conversation and writing, so make sure you understand it well and correctly.

B. Simple Past Tense Formulas.

Because this formula is simple (simple), then the formula is simple. We only need Verb-2 as the absolute characteristics of the past tense formula. So the basic formula of the verb is: S + Verb-2. As for the nominal sentence, then we must make "to be" it becomes verb-2, that is "was and were". Tense is said to be simple because simple past tense just wants to provide information about a job that has happened in the past without wanting to show that the work is or has been done.

Formula

Example of sentences

 (+)    Verbal 

 S + Verb-2         

She killed a snake yesterday

Nominal              

S + was/were + nominal              

I was there but you did not see me

(–)

               

Verbal

S + did + not + Infinitive

She did not know where to go.

Nominal              

S + was/were + not + nominal   

When I was a child, I used to cry.

(?)         

Verbal  

Did + S + Infinitive           

Did you take my money?

Nominal

Was/were + S + nominal?

Was the case hard to solve?

C. Fungsi Simple Past Tense

Shows the work that happened in the past without wanting to emphasize the work is happening or has happened. If confused by the difference with present perfect tense because both have happened please read the difference HERE.

    ex:

        I knocked on your door last night but no one came out.

        (Aku mengetuk pintu rumahmu kemarin malam, tapi tidak ada seorang pun yang keluar)

        Did you tell her that I was with my another girl friend last weekend?

        (Apakah kamu memberitahunya kalau aku sedang dengan pacarku yang lain weekend kemarin?)

    Digunakan dalam Conditional Sentence type 2.

    Contoh:

        I would invite you to go along with me if the car was not full at that time.

        (Aku akan mengajakmu untuk pergi bersama kalau waktu itu mobilnya tidak penuh)

        If you did not cheat me, I would be nice to you.

        (Jika kamu tidak berbohong padaku, aku akan baik padamu).

    Menjadi kalimat penyela terhadap suatu pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lalu (past continuous tense).

    Contoh:

        She came into the class when the teacher was teaching.

        (Dia masuk kelas ketika guru sedang mengajar).

        Last night I almost got an accident since a cat crossed in front of my car when I was driving my car.

        (Kemarin malam aku hampir kecelakaan karena seekor kucing melintas di depanku ketika aku sendan mengendarai mobilku)

    Untuk menerangkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lalu setelah kejadian lainnya selesai (berurutan atau kronologis). Kejadian pertama tersebut biasanya menggunakan past perfect tense.

    Contoh:

        I had already gone out from that building before the bomb blew up.

        (Aku telah keluar sebelum bomnya meledak)

        She had finished her job before I came.

        (Dia sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaannya sebelum aku datang)

D. Description

        Simple past tense uses time information that shows the past, such as yesterday, last week (last week), last night (last night), one year ago (a year ago), the day before (once a day), once upon a time (at a time).

    E. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense.

        My mother cooked fried chicken for my birthday party last week.

        (Ibuku memasak ayam goring untuk acara ultahku minggu yang lalu).

        I tried to call you yesterday, but no one picked up my phone.

        (Aku mencoba menghubungimu kemarin, tapi tidak seorang pun yang mengangkat telphon).

        Jokowi won the president election several months ago.

        (Jokowi memenangkan pemilihan president beberapa tahun yang lalu).

        Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up (Kebanyakan yang gagal dalam hidup adalah mereka yang tidak sadar seberapa dekat mereka dengan kesuksesan ketika mereka menyerah).

        I wonder why you did not take the scholarship to study abroad.

        (Aku heran mengapa kamu tidak mengambil beasiswa untuk belajar ke luar negeri).

        Were you so sleepy last night that you left the show before it’s over?

        (Apakah kamu begitu mengantuk hingga kamu meninggalkan pertunjukkan sebelum selesai?)

        I would wait for you if I was not in hurry to catch my flight.

        (Aku akan menunggumu jika aku tidak sedang terburu-buru mengejar pesawat).

There are 2 types of sentences in English namely the nominal sentence (predicate not using VERB) verbal sentence (predicate using VERB). So, in an English sentence if the sentence is already using To Be then there is no Verb and similarly vice versa if the sentence is already using Verb then there is no ToBe in it.

There are some sentences that use To Be and Verb in one sentence but that will change the meaning of the sentence (eg from the meaning of the active sentence to the passive sentence). To be more clear please note the explanation below:

    Sentence Nominal (Nominal Sentence)

Nominal Sentence (Nominal Sentence) is a sentence whose predicate is not a verb or in other words the nominal sentence is a sentence that predikatnya form tobe. The use of this tobe depends on the use of tenses and depends on the Subject of the sentence (plural or singular). If the sentence is a Simple Present Tense sentence then the tobe to use is AM, IS and ARE. Tobe can be interpreted is or can not be interpreted, tobe appear because there is no Verb (verb) in the sentence. Let's look at an example in the following sentence:

  1.  They are soldiers(Mereka adalah tentara)

       2. I am a student (Saya adalah seorang siswa)

       3. We are dancers  (Kami adalah penari)

Then if the sentence is Simple Past Tense then tobe to be used is WAS and WERE. Take a look at the example below:

    I was a student last year.(Saya adalah seorang siswa tahun lalu)

    They were teacher last month.(Mereka adalah guru bulan lalu)

    You were beautiful(Kamu cantik)

    He was in the hospital yesterday.(Dia laki-laki berada di rumah sakit kemarin)

From the above sentence example all sentences do not contain verbs but use tobe adapted to the tenses and subject in the sentence. And usually tobe followed by words other than verb (verb) for example: noun (noun) like student, soldier; adjectives such as: beautiful, clever and adverbs such as: the classroom, the kitchen. So that the sentence is called the nominal sentence (nominal sentence).

    Kalimat Verbal (Verbal Sentence)

Verbal Sentence (Verbal Sentence) is a sentence that contains a verb (verb), or in other words the verbal sentence is a sentence that predicate is a verb (verb). An example is a sentence in Simple Present Tense:

    I go to school every morning.(Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap pagi)

    She studies English in the class.(Dia perempuan belajar bahasa Inggris di kelas)

    You play football in the yard.(Kami bermain sepak bola di halaman)

    We finish their homework.(Mereka menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya)

Regular verbs

Many English verbs are regular, which means that they form their different tenses according to an established pattern. Such verbs work like this:

VERB	3rd person singular present tense	3rd person singular past tense	past participle	present participle
Laugh	he/she laughs	he/she laughed	laughed	laughing
Love	he/she loves	he/she loved	loved	loving
boo	he/she boos	he/she booed	booed	booing

               

               

Irregular verbs

There are many irregular verbs that don’t follow the normal rules. Here are the forms of some of the most common irregular verbs:

Verb	3rd person singular present tense	3rd person singular past tense	past participle	present participle
be	Is	was	been	being
begin	Begins	began	begun	beginning
bite	Bites	bit	bitten	biting
break	breaks	broke	broken	breaking
buy	Buys	bought	bought	buying
choose	chooses	chose	chosen	choosing
come	comes	came	come	coming
dig	Digs	dug	dug	digging
do	Does	did	done	doing
drink	drinks	drank	drunk	drinking
eat	Eats	ate	eaten	eating
fall	Falls	fell	fallen	falling
feel	Feels	felt	felt	feeling
find	Finds	found	found	finding
get	Gets	got	got	getting
go	Goes	went	gone	going
grow	grows	grew	grown	growing
have	Has	had	had	having
hide	Hides	hid	hidden	hiding
keep	keeps	kept	kept	keeping
know	knows	knew	known	knowing
lay	Lays	laid	laid	laying
lead	Leads	led	led	leading
leave	leaves	left	left	leaving
lie	Lies	lay	lain	lying
lose	Loses	lost	lost	losing
make	makes	made	made	making
meet	meets	met	met	meeting
put	Puts	put	put	putting
read /ri:d/	reads	read /red/	read /red/	reading
ride	Rides	rode	ridden	riding
ring	Rings	rang	rung	ringing
rise	Rises	rose	risen	rising
run	Runs	ran	run	running
say	Says	said	said	saying
see	Sees	saw	seen	seeing
sell	Sells	sold	sold	selling
set	Sets	set	set	setting